Paper money is the pieces of currency we use to buy goods and media. Today, there are seven different denominations: the $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50 and $100 bills.
How it works
Using the old Currency Overprinting and Processing Equipment (formerly conventional equipment as of 1976 on all denominations), paper money is printed in 32-subject sheets. During the mid-2000s, each sheet of $1 bills comprised of serial numbers with the third and fourth digits ranging from the first number to that plus 31.
For $1 bills using LEPE, every sheet has the fifth and sixth digits ranging from 00 to 49. Therefore, the first sheet comprises of "0001", "0101", "0201", etc., and all the way up to "4901". The second sheet comprises of "0002", "0102", "0202", etc., and all the way up to "4902". The 50th sheet comprises of "0050", "0150", "0250", etc., and all the way up to "4950". The 100th sheet comprises of "0100", "0200", "0300", etc., and all the way up to "5000". Thus, there are 100 sheets per 5,000 $1 bills.
The 101st sheet comprises of "5001", "5101", "5201", etc., and all the way up to "9901". The 102nd sheet comprises of "5002", "5102", "5202", etc., and all the way up to "9902". The 150th sheet comprises of "5050", "5150", "5250", etc., and all the way up to "9950". The 200th sheet comprises of "5100", "5200", "5300", etc., and all the way up to "0000" at the next 10,000th number.
Thus, there are 200 sheets in every 10,000 $1 bills.
There are 16,000 bills, or 320 sheets, in a pack of cash, and there are 40 packs of cash in one skid, for a total of 640,000 bills. Thus, a single print run of $1, $2, $5, $10 and $20 bills would comprise of 10 skids, while for the $50 and $100 bills, it's five skids.
New currency usually arrives to circulation about two months after they are printed.
Federal Reserve Banks
There are 12 in all, each representing the Federal Reserve Districts created by the Federal Reserve Act, a year before all 12 banks were officially opened on November 16, 1914. The banks are:
- Federal Reserve Bank of Boston
- Federal Reserve Bank of New York
- Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia
- Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland
- Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond
- Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta
- Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago
- Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
- Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis
- Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City
- Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas
- Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco
Until late 1987, the BEP usually printed $1, $5, $10 and $20 bills for more than half of all 12 Federal Reserve Districts per month; after that, it was less than half.
Denominations
$1
The $1 bill contains the smallest value of all Federal Reserve Notes today. Before 1963, this denomination was always a Silver Certificate for 30 years, until when the Silver Certificates were replaced by all Federal Reserve Notes, which have remained unchaged since. The first COPE serial numbers were printed on $1 bills in 1971, while the last conventional notes were printed exclusively as Star Notes in September 1979, as Series 1977 notes. Serial numbers higher than 99840000 on $1, $5 and $10 bills were last printed in 1977, before the uncut sheets.
According to inflation rates, an uncirculated $1 Silver Certificate would be worth at least $8 as of August 2017, but most old currency auction sites only buy them for $1.50 in average circulated condition, which would be about 19% of the intended retail price.
A $1 United States Note with a red seal printing would be worth at least $20 as of June 2018, but they can actually be sold for as much as $50 or more, depending on the condition.
$2
The rarest of all Federal Reserve Notes still in use today is the $2 bill. Prior to 1976, the $2 bill was always a United States Note with a red seal, and it first became a Federal Reserve Note when it was reintroduced in honor of the 200th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence. The first $2 bills with green seals were released to circulation on April 13, 1976.
According to inflation rates, a $2 United States Note would be worth at least $15 as of April 2014, but most old currency auction sites only buy them for $2.50, which is about 17% of the intended retail price.
$5
The $5 bill is less common than the $1 bill, but way more common than the $2 bill. Until 1964, this denomination came in three different kinds of notes: Federal Reserve Note, United States Note and Silver Certificate; afterwards, the first modern-day notes were delivered to the Federal Reserve for release to circulation on September 16, 1964. All denominations of $5 and higher were given COPE notes starting in 1976, and the last conventional notes for $5, $10 and $20 bills were printed exclusively as Star Notes in July 1979. Also like bigger denominations, the $5 bill was given anti-counterfeiting security features as well as new designs, the most recent on March 13, 2008.
According to inflation rates, an uncirculated $5 Silver Certificate or United States Note would be worth approximately $40 as of 2017, depending on the series year.
$10
The $10 bill is even less common than the $10 bill, but also a lot more common than the $2 bill. This denomination also had a Silver Certificate until 1962, when it transitioned to just a Federal Reserve Note, with the first modern-day notes delivered to the Federal Reserve on April 24, 1964. Anti-counterfeiting security features including new designs were given to the $10 bill over the years, the most recent on March 2, 2006.
According to inflation rates, an uncirculated $10 Silver Certificate's price ranges between $80 and $90 as of 2017, depending on the series year.
$20
The $20 bill is the mostly used Federal Reserve Note for purchasing more expensive items. In fact, this denomination has always been a Federal Reserve Note for over 80 years, after all obsolete types of the note were discontinued. The first modern-day $20 bills were delivered to the Federal Reserve on October 7, 1964. The last notes with serial numbers higher than 99840000 were printed in August 1976, before the uncut sheets. Over the years, the $20 bill was given anti-counterfeiting security features including new designs, the most recent on October 9, 2003.
$50
The least common of the six main denominations used today is the $50 bill. Like the $20 bill, this denomination was always a Federal Reserve Note for more than 80 years, after the discontinuation of all obsolete types of the note. For both the $50 and $100 bills, the last conventional serial numbers were printed in October 1978, exclusively as Star Notes. The $50 bill was given anti-counterfeiting security features including new designs throughout the years, the most recent on September 28, 2004.
$100
The $100 bill is the largest denomination in circulation today. There was a brief run of United States Notes for the $100 bill in 1968 and 1971, but nowadays, like all other denominations, the $100 bill is now only a Federal Reserve Note. The $100 bill was the first to be given anti-counterfeiting security features in 1991 and 1996, and the last for its most recent design on April 21, 2010 (although circulation did not begin until October 8, 2013).
According to inflation rates, uncirculated $100 United States Notes printed in 1968 would be worth about $700 as of 2017, while those printed in 1971 would be worth $600.
Production timeline
Note: Determined by fiscal year.
Date | Event | Notes |
---|---|---|
July 10, 1929 | All small-size currency released to circulation, starting off with $1 Silver Certificates, $2 United States Notes, Federal Reserve Notes in $5 and higher denominations, and Gold Certificates in $10 and higher denominations. | Early notes featured signatures of H.T. Tate and A.W. Mellon, while later notes had W.O. Woods' signature in place of Tate's. |
February 13, 1932 | Ogden L. Mills' signature replaces Mellon's. | |
March 28, 1933 | W.H. Woodin's signature replaces Mills'. | |
April 26, 1933 | For only 10 days, the $1 United States Note was in production. | These notes remained uncirculated until 1948. |
May 1, 1933 | All Gold Certificates were withdrawn from circulation after the Executive Order 6102 passed into law. Since then, all further $10 bills and higher denominations were always Federal Reserve Notes. | |
September 1, 1933 | W.A. Julian's signature replaces Woods'. | |
January 5, 1934 | The $10 bill gets a Silver Certificate design. | These notes started off as Series 1933 notes. |
February 19, 1934 | Henry Morgenthau's signature replaces Woodin's. | |
June 29, 1934 | The $1 Silver Certificate gets redesigned for Series 1934. | |
October 17, 1934 | All Federal Reserve Notes (those still in $5 and higher denominations) get redesigned for Series 1934, starting with the $10 bill. | |
November 25, 1935 | The $1 Silver Certificate gets redesigned again, for Series 1935. | |
July 26, 1945 | Fred M. Vinson's signature replaces Morgenthau's. | |
December 27, 1945 | As of this date, the $100 bill is the largest denomination currently in production. | Anything higher than $100 was officially discontinued on July 14, 1969. Despite this, there are still roughly $260 million of notes in these denominations in circulation. |
June 25, 1946 | John W. Snyder's signature replaces Vinson's. | |
July 11, 1949 | Georgia Neese Clark's signature replaces Julian's. | |
November 7, 1950 | All Federal Reserve Notes (those still in $5 and higher denominations) get redesigned for Series 1950. | Silver Certificates and United States Notes still remained in their then-current designs until 1953 (1957 for $1 bills). |
January 30, 1953 | Ivy Baker Priest's signature replaces Clark's, and G.M. Humphrey's signature replaces Snyder's. | |
May 2, 1953 | All United States Notes -- and later, Silver Certificates in $5 and $10 denominations -- all get redesigned for Series 1953. | |
September 4, 1957 | Robert B. Anderson's signature replaces Humphrey's. | |
October 1, 1957 | The first Series 1957 $1 bills, now printed in 32-subject sheets, were released to circulation. It contained the motto "In God We Trust" for the first time. | |
January 27, 1961 | Elizabeth Rudel Smith's signature replaces Priest's, and C. Douglas Dillon's signature replaces Anderson's. | |
March 14, 1962 | The last $10 Silver Certificates were delivered to Federal Reserve Banks. Afterwards, all denominations from $10 to $100 have now always been Federal Reserve Notes. | |
January 5, 1963 | Kathryn O'Hay Granahan's signature replaces Smith's. | |
November 6, 1963 | The $1 bill transitions from Silver Certificate to Federal Reserve Note for Series 1963. | The $5, $10 and $20 denominations were redesigned in 1964. |
August 31, 1964 | The last $5 Silver Certificates were delivered to Federal Reserve Banks, officially phasing out the Silver Certificate. | |
May 12, 1965 | Henry H. Fowler's signature replaces Dillon's for Series 1963A. | |
July 29, 1965 | The last $2 United States Notes were delivered to Federal Reserve Banks. | Until 1976, they still remained the latest $2 bills in circulation. |
September 27, 1966 | The $100 bill was redesigned for Series 1963A, then the $50 bill. | |
November 27, 1967 | The last $5 United States Notes were delivered to Federal Reserve Banks. Afterwards, all $5 bills in production were now just Federal Reserve Notes, as of Series 1963A. | |
October 14, 1968 | For less than a month, $100 United States Notes labeled "Series 1966" were delivered to Federal Reserve Banks. | |
January 31, 1969 | Joseph W. Barr's signature replaces Fowler's. This only applied to the $1 bill. | $5 bills and anything higher still retained Fowler's signature until 1969. |
July 9, 1969 | Dorothy Andrews Elston's signature replaces Granahan's, and David M. Kennedy's signature replaces Fowler's and Barr's. | |
December 1970 | Dorothy Andrews Elston revises her signature to "Dorothy Andrews Kabis". | This signature did not appear on denominations higher than $1 until after John B. Connally took office. |
January 26, 1971 | The last United States Notes, the Series 1966A $100 bills, were delivered to Federal Reserve Banks. Ever since after that time, all paper money in production were now Federal Reserve Notes. | Elston's old signature was retained on these notes. |
May 31, 1971 | John B. Connally's signature replaces Kennedy's for Series 1969A (1969B for $1 bills). | |
May 12, 1972 | Romana Acosta Bañuelos' signature replaces Kabis' for Series 1969B (1969C for $1 bills). | Bañuelos' signature did not appear on the $100 bill until Series 1969C. |
August 31, 1972 | George P. Shultz's signature replaces Connally's for Series 1969C (1969D for $1 bills). | |
August 1, 1974 | For Series 1974, Francine I. Neff's signature replaces Bañuelos', and William E. Simon's signature replaces Shultz's. | |
April 13, 1976 | The $2 bill was brought back as a Series 1976 Federal Reserve Note. | |
September 1977 | For Series 1977, Azie Taylor Morton's signature replaces Neff's, and W.M. Blumenthal's signature replaces Simon's. | $2 bills still remained Series 1976 notes. |
October 1979 | For Series 1977A, G. William Miller's signature replaces Blumenthal's. | The $20, $50 and $100 bills still retained Blumenthal's signature until 1981 and 1982. |
July 1981 | For Series 1981, Angela M. Buchanan's signature replaces Morton's, and Donald T. Regan's signature replaces Blumenthal's and Miller's. | |
March 1984 | For Series 1981A, Katherine Davalos Ortega's signature replaces Buchanan's. | |
May 1985 | For Series 1985, James A. Baker III's signature replaces Regan's. | |
December 1988 | For Series 1988, Nicholas F. Brady's signature replaces Baker's. | The $10 and $20 bills did not carry this signature until Series 1988A. |
March 1990 | For Series 1988A, Catalina Vasquez Villalpando's signature replaces Ortega's. | The $50 and $100 bills did not carry this signature until Series 1990. |
February 1991 | Fort Worth's Bureau of Engraving and Printing officially began production of paper money, starting with the Series 1988A $1 bill. | |
May 1991 | For Series 1990, microscopic printing was added around the portraits as an anti-counterfeiting security feature. | The $5 bill first got this security feature in late 1994, while the $1 and $2 bills never got it at all. |
April 1994 | For Series 1993, Mary Ellen Withrow's signature replaces Villalpando's, and Lloyd Bentsen's signature replaces Brady's. | |
May 1995 | For Series 1995, Robert E. Rubin's signature replaces Bentsen's. | The $50 and $100 bills did not carry this signature until they were redesigned in 1996 and 1997. |
September 27, 1995 | For Series 1996, the $100 bill was redesigned. | Circulation began on March 25, 1996. |
June 12, 1997 | The $50 bill was redesigned. | Circulation began on October 27, 1997. |
May 20, 1998 | The $20 bill was redesigned. | Circulation began on September 24, 1998. The $1, $5 and $10 bills remained as Series 1995 notes. |
October 1999 | For Series 1999, Lawrence H. Summers' signature replaces Rubin's. | The $2 and $50 bills never got this signature. |
November 16, 1999 | The $5 and $10 bills were redesigned for Series 1999. | |
November 2001 | For Series 2001, Rosario Marin's signature replaces Withrow's, and Paul O'Neill's signature replaces Summers'. | |
May 13, 2003 | For Series 2003 and 2004, John W. Snow's signature replaces O'Neill's, and the $20 bill's current design is unveiled. | Circulation began on October 9, 2003. |
April 26, 2004 | The $50 bill's current design is unveiled. |
Circulation began on September 28, 2004. Anything that never got redesigned before Anna Escobedo Cabral took office were Series 2003 notes. |
May 2005 | For Series 2003A and 2004A, Anna Escobedo Cabral's signature replaces Marin's. | |
September 28, 2005 | The $10 bill's current design is unveiled. |
Circulation began on March 2, 2006. Anything that never got redesigned before Henry Paulson took office were Series 2003A notes. |
November 2006 | For Series 2006, Henry M. Paulson's signature replaces Snow's. | The $2 bill never got this signature. |
September 20, 2007 | The $5 bill's current design is unveiled. | Circulation began on March 13, 2008. |
December 2009 | For Series 2009, Rosa Gumataotao Rios' signature replaces Cabral's, and Timothy F. Geithner's signature replaces Paulson's. | |
April 21, 2010 | The $100 bill's current design is unveiled. | Circulation was planned to begin on February 10, 2011. |
October 1, 2010 | Due to creasing of the paper during production of the new $100 bill, it was delayed to an unknown later date. | This is a clear reason why there are Series 2006A and 2009A $100 bills. |
June 18, 2013 | For Series 2013, Jack Lew's signature replaces Geithner's. | |
October 8, 2013 | The $100 bill is finally released to circulation, as a Series 2009A. | During Lew's years as Secretary of the Treasury, this denomination always carried Geithner's signature. |
November 15, 2017 | For Series 2017, Jovita Carranza's and Steven T. Mnuchin's signatures are unveiled on new $1 bills. | Until 2019, all $2, $5, $50 and $100 bills still carried Rios and Lew's signatures. |
Annual production reports
Fiscal year | Denomination | Amount printed | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
FY 1980 (October 1979–September 1980) |
$1 | 1,939,840,000 | 371,840,000 as Series 1977 notes 1,568,000,000 as Series 1977A notes |
$5 | 427,520,000 | 173,440,000 as Series 1977 notes 254,080,000 as Series 1977A notes | |
$10 | 495,360,000 | 248,320,000 as Series 1977 notes 247,040,000 as Series 1977A notes | |
$20 | 634,880,000 | All as Series 1977 notes | |
$50 | 56,960,000 | All as Series 1977 notes Last printed in July 1980 | |
$100 | 100,480,000 | All as Series 1977 notes Last printed in July 1980 | |
FY 1981 (October 1980–September 1981) |
$1 | 1,954,560,000 | 1,784,320,000 as Series 1977A notes 170,240,000 as Series 1981 notes |
$5 | 519,680,000 | All as Series 1977A notes | |
$10 | 536,320,000 | All as Series 1977A notes | |
$20 | 812,800,000 | 1,280,000 as Series 1981 notes All the rest as Series 1977 notes | |
$50 | 67,200,000 | All as Series 1977 notes Last printed in July 1981 | |
$100 | 118,400,000 | All as Series 1977 notes Last printed in July 1981 | |
FY 1982 (October 1981–September 1982) |
$1 | 2,040,320,000 | All as Series 1981 notes |
$5 | 614,400,000 | 10,240,000 as Series 1977A notes 604,160,000 as Series 1981 notes | |
$10 | 540,160,000 | 206,080,000 as Series 1977A notes 334,080,000 as Series 1981 notes | |
$20 | 683,520,000 | 1,280,000 as Series 1977 notes All the rest as Series 1981 notes | |
$50 | 94,720,000 | 30,720,000 as Series 1977 notes 64,000,000 as Series 1981 notes Last printed in May 1982 | |
$100 | 108,800,000 | 70,400,000 as Series 1977 notes 38,400,000 as Series 1981 notes | |
FY 1983 (October 1982–September 1983) |
$1 | 2,229,760,000 | All as Series 1981 notes
Last fiscal year where the BEP's standard press run was 40,000 sheets. |
$5 | 583,680,000 | ||
$10 | 592,640,000 | ||
$20 | 994,560,000 | ||
$50 | 115,200,000 | ||
$100 | 85,760,000 | ||
FY 1984 (October 1983–September 1984) |
$1 | 2,771,200,000 | 1,097,600,000 as Series 1981 notes 1,673,600,000 as Series 1981A notes |
$5 | 716,800,000 | 396,800,000 as Series 1981 notes 320,000,000 as Series 1981A notes | |
$10 | 812,800,000 | 512,000,000 as Series 1981 notes 300,800,000 as Series 1981A notes | |
$20 | 1,292,800,000 | 832,000,000 as Series 1981 notes 460,800,000 as Series 1981A notes | |
$50 | 128,000,000 | All as Series 1981 notes | |
$100 | 137,600,000 | All as Series 1981 notes | |
FY 1985 (October 1984–September 1985) |
$1 | 2,851,200,000 | 2,022,400,000 as Series 1981A notes 828,800,000 as Series 1985 notes |
$5 | 777,600,000 | 521,600,000 as Series 1981A notes 256,000,000 as Series 1985 notes | |
$10 | 784,000,000 | 729,600,000 as Series 1981A notes 54,400,000 as Series 1985 notes | |
$20 | 1,449,600,000 | All as Series 1981A notes | |
$50 | 137,600,000 | Nearly all as Series 1981A notes 768,000 Series 1981 Star Notes | |
$100 | 160,000,000 | 16,000,000 as Series 1981 notes 144,000,000 as Series 1981A notes | |
FY 1986 (October 1985–September 1986) |
$1 | 3,123,200,000 | All as Series 1985 notes |
$5 | 844,800,000 | All as Series 1985 notes | |
$10 | 678,000,000 | All as Series 1985 notes | |
$20 | 1,475,200,000 | 118,400,000 as Series 1981A notes 1,356,800,000 as Series 1985 notes | |
$50 | 182,400,000 | Nearly all as Series 1985 notes 704,000 Series 1981A Star Notes | |
$100 | 176,000,000 | 32,000,000 as Series 1981A notes 144,000,000 as Series 1985 notes | |
FY 1987 (October 1986–September 1987) |
$1 | 3,232,000,000 | All as Series 1985 notes |
$5 | 780,800,000 | ||
$10 | 697,600,000 | ||
$20 | 1,472,000,000 | ||
$50 | 195,200,000 | ||
$100 | 217,600,000 | ||
FY 1988 (October 1987–September 1988) |
$1 | 2,960,000,000 | All as Series 1985 notes First $1 bills with serial numbers ending with letters "M" onwards |
$5 | 745,600,000 | ||
$10 | 652,800,000 | ||
$20 | 1,350,400,000 | ||
$50 | 144,400,000 | ||
$100 | 160,000,000 | ||
FY 1989 (October 1988–September 1989) |
$1 | 2,860,800,000 | 675,200,000 as Series 1985 notes 2,185,600,000 as Series 1988 notes |
$5 | 835,200,000 | 396,800,000 as Series 1985 notes 438,400,000 as Series 1988 notes | |
$10 | 771,200,000 | All as Series 1985 notes | |
$20 | 1,526,400,000 | All as Series 1985 notes | |
$50 | 134,400,000 | 64,000,000 as Series 1985 notes 70,400,000 as Series 1988 notes | |
$100 | 201,600,000 | 76,800,000 as Series 1985 notes 124,800,000 as Series 1988 notes | |
FY 1990 (October 1989–September 1990) |
$1 | 3,148,800,000 | 1,817,600,000 as Series 1988 notes 1,331,200,000 as Series 1988A notes |
$5 | 912,000,000 | 662,400,000 as Series 1988 notes 249,600,000 as Series 1988A notes | |
$10 | 771,200,000 | 496,000,000 as Series 1985 notes 275,200,000 as Series 1988A notes | |
$20 | 1,801,600,000 | 1,305,600,000 as Series 1985 notes 496,000,000 as Series 1988A notes | |
$50 | 128,000,000 | All as Series 1988 notes | |
$100 | 240,000,000 | All as Series 1988 notes | |
FY 1991 (October 1990–September 1991) |
$1 | 3,212,800,000 | All as Series 1988A notes |
$5 | 979,200,000 | All as Series 1988A notes | |
$10 | 812,800,000 | All as Series 1988A notes | |
$20 | 1,926,400,000 | All as Series 1988A notes | |
$50 | 128,000,000 | All as Series 1988 notes | |
$100 | 956,800,000 | 211,200,000 as Series 1988 notes 745,600,000 as Series 1990 notes | |
FY 1992 (October 1991–September 1992) |
$1 | 4,089,600,000 | All as Series 1988A notes |
$5 | 787,200,000 | All as Series 1988A notes | |
$10 | 1,036,800,000 | 723,200,000 as Series 1988A notes 313,600,000 as Series 1990 notes | |
$20 | 1,760,000,000 | 1,120,000,000 as Series 1988A notes 640,000,000 as Series 1990 notes | |
$50 | 556,800,000 | All as Series 1990 notes | |
$100 | 217,600,000 | All as Series 1990 notes | |
FY 1993 (October 1992–September 1993) |
$1 | 3,513,600,000 | All as Series 1988A notes |
$5 | 1,126,400,000 | All as Series 1988A notes | |
$10 | 640,800,000 | All as Series 1990 notes | |
$20 | 2,169,600,000 | All as Series 1990 notes | |
$50 | 259,200,000 | All as Series 1990 notes | |
$100 | 323,200,000 | All as Series 1990 notes | |
FY 1994 (October 1993–September 1994) |
$1 | 4,563,200,000 | 2,873,600,000 as Series 1988A notes 1,689,600,000 as Series 1993 notes |
$5 | 1,004,800,000 | All as Series 1988A notes | |
$10 | 793,600,000 | All as Series 1990 notes | |
$20 | 2,252,800,000 | 1,548,800,000 as Series 1990 notes 704,000,000 as Series 1993 notes | |
$50 | 115,200,000 | 19,200,000 as Series 1990 notes 96,000,000 as Series 1993 notes | |
$100 | 604,800,000 | All as Series 1990 notes | |
FY 1995 (October 1994–September 1995) |
$1 | 4,428,800,000 | 2,550,400,000 as Series 1993 notes 1,878,400,000 as Series 1995 notes |
$5 | 992,000,000 | 134,400,000 as Series 1988A notes 716,800,000 as Series 1993 notes 140,800,000 as Series 1995 notes (up to July 1995) | |
$10 | 672,000,000 | Nearly all as Series 1993 notes 4,480,000 Series 1990 Star Notes | |
$20 | 2,476,800,000 | Nearly all as Series 1993 notes 5,760,000 Series 1990 Star Notes 83,200,000 as Series 1995 notes | |
$50 | 147,200,000 | All as Series 1993 notes | |
$100 | 595,200,000 | All as Series 1993 notes | |
FY 1996 (October 1995–September 1996) |
$1 | 4,166,400,000 | All as Series 1995 notes |
$2 | 51,200,000 | All as Series 1995 notes | |
$5 | 1,158,400,000 | All as Series 1995 notes | |
$10 | 1,011,200,000 | 384,000,000 as Series 1993 notes 627,200,000 as Series 1995 notes | |
$20 | 1,363,200,000 | 416,000,000 as Series 1993 notes 947,200,000 as Series 1995 notes | |
$50 | 441,600,000 | All as Series 1993 notes | |
$100 | 1,251,200,000 | All as Series 1996 notes | |
FY 1997 (October 1996–September 1997) |
$1 | 4,646,400,000 | All as Series 1995 notes |
$2 | 102,400,000 | All as Series 1995 notes | |
$5 | 896,000,000 | All as Series 1995 notes | |
$10 | 998,400,000 | 192,000,000 as Series 1993 notes 806,400,000 as Series 1995 notes | |
$20 | 1,881,600,000 | 230,400,000 as Series 1993 notes 1,651,200,000 as Series 1995 notes | |
$50 | 406,400,000 | 121,600,000 as Series 1993 notes 284,800,000 as Series 1996 notes | |
$100 | 649,600,000 | All as Series 1996 notes | |
FY 1998 (October 1997–September 1998) |
$1 | 3,814,400,000 | All as Series 1995 notes |
$5 | 857,600,000 | All as Series 1995 notes | |
$10 | 761,600,000 | All as Series 1995 notes | |
$20 | 2,278,400,000 | 121,600,000 as Series 1995 notes 2,156,800,000 as Series 1996 notes | |
$50 | 723,200,000 | All as Series 1996 notes | |
$100 | 764,800,000 | All as Series 1996 notes | |
FY 1999 (October 1998–September 1999) |
$1 | 3,539,200,000 | All as Series 1995 notes |
$5 | 832,000,000 | All as Series 1995 notes | |
$10 | 614,400,000 | All as Series 1995 notes | |
$20 | 4,134,400,000 | All as Series 1996 notes | |
$50 | 694,400,000 | All as Series 1996 notes | |
$100 | 1,542,400,000 | All as Series 1996 notes | |
FY 2000 (October 1999–September 2000) |
$1 | 5,190,400,000 | 544,000,000 as Series 1995 notes 4,646,400,000 as Series 1999 notes |
$5 | 640,000,000 | 166,400,000 as Series 1995 notes 473,600,000 as Series 1999 notes | |
$10 | 492,800,000 | 64,000,000 as Series 1995 notes 428,800,000 as Series 1999 notes | |
$20 | 2,707,200,000 | 569,600,000 as Series 1996 notes 2,137,600,000 as Series 1999 notes | |
FY 2001 (October 2000–September 2001) |
$1 | 5,145,600,000 | All as Series 1999 notes |
$5 | 979,200,000 | ||
$10 | 652,800,000 | ||
$20 | 1,017,600,000 | ||
$100 | 201,600,000 | ||
FY 2002 (October 2001–September 2002) |
$1 | 2,880,000,000 | 736,000,000 as Series 1999 notes 2,144,000,000 as Series 2001 notes |
$5 | 1,350,400,000 | 236,800,000 as Series 1999 notes 1,113,600,000 as Series 2001 notes | |
$10 | 1,100,800,000 | 185,600,000 as Series 1999 notes 915,200,000 as Series 2001 notes | |
$20 | 1,068,800,000 | 294,400,000 as Series 1999 notes 774,400,000 as Series 2001 notes | |
$100 | 604,800,000 | 310,400,000 as Series 1999 notes 294,400,000 as Series 2001 notes | |
FY 2003 (October 2002–September 2003) |
$1 | 3,699,200,000 | 2,777,600,000 as Series 2001 notes 921,600,000 as Series 2003 notes |
$5 | 550,400,000 | All as Series 2001 notes | |
$10 | 249,600,000 | 153,600,000 as Series 2001 notes 96,000,000 as Series 2003 notes | |
$20 | 2,700,800,000 | 1,785,600,000 as Series 2001 notes 915,200,000 as Series 2004 notes | |
$50 | 102,400,000 | All as Series 2001 notes | |
$100 | 854,400,000 | All as Series 2001 notes | |
FY 2004 (October 2003–September 2004) |
$1 | 4,147,200,000 | All as Series 2003 notes |
$2 | 121,600,000 | All as Series 2003 notes | |
$5 | 627,200,000 | All as Series 2003 notes | |
$10 | 403,200,000 | All as Series 2003 notes | |
$20 | 2,707,200,000 | All as Series 2004 notes | |
$50 | 211,200,000 | 70,400,000 as Series 2001 notes 140,800,000 as Series 2004 notes | |
$100 | 515,200,000 | 3,200,000 as Series 2001 notes 512,000,000 as Series 2003 notes | |
FY 2005 (October 2004–September 2005) |
$1 | 3,475,200,000 | 2,086,400,000 as Series 2003 notes 1,388,800,000 as Series 2003A notes |
$5 | 576,000,000 | All as Series 2003 notes | |
$10 | 512,000,000 | All as Series 2003 notes | |
$20 | 3,059,200,000 | 1,868,800,000 as Series 2004 notes 1,190,400,000 as Series 2004A notes | |
$50 | 345,600,000 | 259,200,000 as Series 2004 notes 86,400,000 as Series 2004A notes | |
$100 | 668,800,000 | 508,800,000 as Series 2003 notes 160,000,000 as Series 2003A notes | |
FY 2006 (October 2005–September 2006) |
$1 | 4,512,000,000 | All as Series 2003A notes |
$2 | 230,400,000 | All as Series 2003A notes | |
$5 | 800,000,000 | 83,200,000 as Series 2003 notes 716,800,000 as Series 2003A notes | |
$10 | 851,200,000 | All as Series 2004A notes | |
$20 | 889,600,000 | All as Series 2004A notes | |
$100 | 950,400,000 | All as Series 2003A notes | |
FY 2007 (October 2006–September 2007) |
$1 | 4,147,200,000 | 1,875,200,000 as Series 2003A notes 2,272,000,000 as Series 2006 notes |
$5 | 1,401,600,000 | 1,036,800,000 as Series 2003A notes 364,800,000 as Series 2006 notes All Series 2006 notes are in the old design. | |
$10 | 83,200,000 | All as Series 2006 notes All printed in September 2007 | |
$20 | 1,971,200,000 | 57,600,000 as Series 2004A notes 1,913,600,000 as Series 2006 notes | |
$50 | 428,800,000 | 160,000,000 as Series 2004A notes 268,800,000 as Series 2006 notes | |
$100 | 1,088,000,000 | 422,400,000 as Series 2003A notes 665,600,000 as Series 2006 notes | |
FY 2008 (October 2007–September 2008) |
$1 | 3,577,600,000 | All as Series 2006 notes 44,800,000 of the $5 bills are still in the old design. |
$5 | 1,203,200,000 | ||
$10 | 1,094,400,000 | ||
$20 | 633,600,000 | ||
$100 | 1,209,600,000 | ||
FY 2009 (October 2008–September 2009) |
$1 | 2,636,800,000 | All as Series 2006 notes |
$5 | 384,000,000 | ||
$10 | 345,600,000 | ||
$20 | 716,800,000 | ||
$50 | 371,200,000 | ||
$100 | 1,785,600,000 | ||
FY 2010 (October 2009–September 2010) |
$1 | 1,856,000,000 | 1,139,200,000 as Series 2006 notes 716,800,000 as Series 2009 notes |
$5 | 352,000,000 | All as Series 2006 notes | |
$20 | 2,265,600,000 | 1,043,200,000 as Series 2006 notes 1,222,400,000 as Series 2009 notes | |
$100 | 1,907,200,000 | 854,400,000 as Series 2006 notes 1,052,800,000 as Series 2009 notes | |
FY 2011 (October 2010–September 2011) |
$1 | 2,918,400,000 | All as Series 2009 notes |
$5 | 486,400,000 | 230,400,000 as Series 2006 notes 256,000,000 as Series 2009 notes | |
$10 | 499,200,000 | 6,400,000 as Series 2006 notes 492,800,000 as Series 2009 notes | |
$20 | 902,400,000 | All as Series 2009 notes | |
$50 | 179,200,000 | 9,600,000 as Series 2006 notes 169,600,000 as Series 2009 notes | |
$100 | 723,200,000 | All as Series 2006A notes | |
FY 2012 (October 2011–September 2012) |
$1 | 2,022,400,000 | All as Series 2009 notes |
$2 | 134,400,000 | All as Series 2009 notes | |
$5 | 729,600,000 | All as Series 2009 notes | |
$10 | 652,800,000 | All as Series 2009 notes | |
$20 | 1,568,000,000 | All as Series 2009 notes | |
$50 | 246,400,000 | All as Series 2009 notes | |
$100 | 3,027,200,000 | 1,926,400,000 as Series 2006A notes 1,100,800,000 as Series 2009A notes | |
FY 2013 (October 2012–September 2013) |
$1 | 1,792,000,000 | All as Series 2009 notes |
$5 | 480,000,000 | 217,600,000 as Series 2009 notes 262,400,000 as Series 2013 notes | |
$10 | 313,600,000 | All as Series 2009 notes | |
$20 | 518,400,000 | All as Series 2009 notes | |
$50 | 246,400,000 | All as Series 2009 notes | |
$100 | 4,428,800,000 | 892,800,000 as Series 2006A notes 3,536,000,000 as Series 2009A notes | |
FY 2014 (October 2013–September 2014) |
$1 | 2,278,400,000 | 1,561,600,000 as Series 2009 notes 716,800,000 as Series 2013 notes |
$2 | 32,000,000 | All as Series 2013 notes | |
$5 | 563,200,000 | All as Series 2013 notes | |
$10 | 486,400,000 | 6,400,000 as Series 2009 notes All the rest as Series 2013 notes | |
$20 | 1,785,600,000 | 6,400,000 as Series 2009 notes All the rest as Series 2013 notes | |
$50 | 220,800,000 | 3,200,000 as Series 2009 notes All the rest as Series 2013 notes | |
$100 | 640,000,000 | All as Series 2009A notes | |
FY 2015 (October 2014–September 2015) |
$1 | 2,451,200,000 | 6,400,000 as Series 2009 notes All the rest as Series 2013 notes |
$2 | 32,000,000 | All as Series 2013 notes | |
$5 | 755,200,000 | All as Series 2013 notes | |
$10 | 627,000,000 | All as Series 2013 notes | |
$20 | 1,868,800,000 | All as Series 2013 notes | |
$50 | 220,800,000 | All as Series 2013 notes | |
$100 | 1,078,400,000 | 937,600,000 as Series 2009A notes 140,800,000 as Series 2013 notes The Series 2013 notes were not released. | |
FY 2016 (October 2015–September 2016) |
$1 | 2,425,600,000 | All as Series 2013 notes |
$2 | 179,200,000 | All as Series 2013 notes | |
$5 | 819,200,000 | All as Series 2013 notes | |
$10 | 480,000,000 | All as Series 2013 notes | |
$20 | 1,939,200,000 | All as Series 2013 notes | |
$50 | 224,000,000 | All as Series 2013 notes | |
$100 | 1,516,800,000 | All as Series 2009A notes | |
FY 2017 (October 2016–September 2017) |
$1 | 2,425,600,000 | All as Series 2013 notes |
$5 | 915,200,000 | All as Series 2013 notes | |
$10 | 262,400,000 | All as Series 2013 notes | |
$20 | 1,715,200,000 | All as Series 2013 notes | |
$50 | 268,800,000 | All as Series 2013 notes | |
$100 | 1,516,800,000 | 796,800,000 as Series 2009A notes 720,000,000 as Series 2013 notes | |
FY 2018 (October 2017–September 2018) |
$1 | 2,163,200,000 | 736,000,000 as Series 2013 notes 1,427,200,000 as Series 2017 notes |
$5 | 825,600,000 | All as Series 2013 notes | |
$10 | 569,600,000 | 332,800,000 as Series 2013 notes 236,800,000 as Series 2017 notes | |
$20 | 1,862,400,000 | 505,600,000 as Series 2013 notes 1,356,800,000 as Series 2017 notes | |
$50 | 364,800,000 | All as Series 2013 notes | |
$100 | 1,753,600,000 | All as Series 2013 notes | |
FY 2019 (October 2018–September 2019) |
$1 | 2,137,600,000 | All as Series 2017 notes |
$2 | 160,000,000 | 57,600,000 as Series 2013 notes 102,400,000 as Series 2017A notes | |
$5 | 736,000,000 | 710,400,000 as Series 2013 notes 25,600,000 as Series 2017A notes | |
$10 | 339,200,000 | All as Series 2017 notes | |
$20 | 1,356,800,000 | 1,068,800,000 as Series 2017 notes 288,000,000 as Series 2017A notes | |
$50 | 224,000,000 | All as Series 2013 notes | |
$100 | 1,484,800,000 | 1,430,400,000 as Series 2013 notes 54,400,000 as Series 2017A notes |
Lifespans
Denomination | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014-Present |
---|---|---|---|---|
$1 | 4.7 years | 4.8 years | 5.9 years | 5.8 years |
$5 | 3.8 years | 3.8 years | 4.9 years | 5.5 years |
$10 | 3.6 years | 3.6 years | 4.2 years | 4.5 years |
$20 | 7 years | 6.7 years | 7.7 years | 7.9 years |
$50 | 11.9 years | 9.6 years | 3.7 years | 8.5 years |
$100 | 21.6 years | 17.9 years | 15 years | 15 years |
Currency in circulation
(in billions of notes, as of December 31 of each year)
Year | $1 | $2 | $5 | $10 | $20 | $50 | $100 | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1980 | ≈3.1 | 0.86 | ||||||
1981 | ≈3.3 | 0.9 | ||||||
1982 | ≈3.5 | 0.94 | ||||||
1983 | ≈3.7 | 0.98 | 1.05 | 2.62 | 0.482 | 0.63 | ||
1984 | ≈3.9 | 1.02 | 1.08 | 2.73 | 0.505 | 0.71 | ||
1985 | ≈4.1 | 1.06 | 1.11 | 2.835 | 0.53 | 0.795 | ||
1986 | ≈4.3 | 1.1 | 1.14 | 2.95 | 0.56 | 0.89 | ||
1987 | ≈4.5 | 1.14 | 1.17 | 3.07 | 0.585 | 1.0 | ||
1988 | ≈4.7 | 1.18 | 1.2 | 3.19 | 0.61 | 1.12 | ||
1989 | ≈4.9 | 1.22 | 1.23 | 3.3 | 0.65 | 1.25 | ||
1990 | 5.09 | 0.4 | 1.26 | 1.26 | 3.45 | 0.678 | 1.402 | 13.54 |
1991 | 5.34 | 0.445 | 1.288 | 1.263 | 3.5015 | 0.7126 | 1.5722 | 14.1223 |
1992 | 5.5 | 0.45 | 1.34 | 1.3 | 3.665 | 0.76 | 1.771 | 14.786 |
1993 | 5.72 | 0.45 | 1.384 | 1.321 | 3.7455 | 0.8202 | 2.0151 | 15.4558 |
1994 | 6.1 | 0.5 | 1.46 | 1.38 | 4.025 | 0.878 | 2.291 | 16.634 |
1995 | 6.33 | 0.5 | 1.506 | 1.413 | 4.2115 | 0.9286 | 2.4153 | 17.3044 |
1996 | 6.58 | 0.54 | 1.558 | 1.43 | 4.355 | 0.972 | 2.614 | 18.049 |
1997 | 6.73 | 0.55 | 1.566 | 1.422 | 4.401 | 0.9644 | 2.9162 | 18.5496 |
1998 | 6.98 | 0.59 | 1.596 | 1.428 | 4.5445 | 1.0098 | 3.2009 | 19.3492 |
1999 | 7.5 | 0.6 | 1.8 | 1.62 | 5.805 | 1.294 | 3.862 | 22.481 |
2000 | 7.7 | 0.6 | 1.78 | 1.45 | 4.93 | 1.1 | 3.777 | 21.337 |
2001 | 7.8 | 0.64 | 1.84 | 1.47 | 5.045 | 1.14 | 4.211 | 22.146 |
2002 | 7.99 | 0.65 | 1.878 | 1.489 | 5.185 | 1.17 | 4.5871 | 22.9491 |
2003 | 8.22 | 0.65 | 1.944 | 1.511 | 5.3905 | 1.1982 | 4.8781 | 23.7918 |
2004 | 8.3 | 0.7 | 1.96 | 1.51 | 5.38 | 1.212 | 5.167 | 24.229 |
2005 | 8.8 | 0.74 | 2.06 | 1.55 | 5.77 | 1.242 | 5.4496 | 25.6116 |
2006 | 9.0 | 0.75 | 2.1 | 1.6 | 5.96 | 1.256 | 5.641 | 26.4 (>26.307) |
2007 | 9.3 | 0.8 | 2.16 | 1.62 | 6.09 | 1.26 | 5.693 | 26.923 |
2008 | 9.5 | 0.84 | 2.2 | 1.63 | 6.255 | 1.294 | 6.25 | 27.9 (<27.969) |
2009 | 9.6 | 0.85 | 2.24 | 1.62 | 6.375 | 1.306 | 6.564 | 28.5 (<28.555) |
2010 | 9.7 | 0.9 | 2.3 | 1.66 | 6.53 | 1.338 | 7.046 | 29.474 |
2011 | 10.0 | 0.94 | 2.36 | 1.72 | 7.055 | 1.392 | 7.826 | 31.293 |
2012 | 10.3 | 1.0 | 2.44 | 1.77 | 7.445 | 1.45 | 8.631 | 33.036 |
2013 | 10.6 | 1.04 | 2.54 | 1.846 | 7.748 | 1.49 | 9.247 | 34.511 |
2014 | 11.0 | 1.1 | 2.62 | 1.89 | 8.11 | 1.538 | 10.145 | 36.403 |
2015 | 11.4 | 1.14 | 2.74 | 1.9 | 8.565 | 1.596 | 10.822 | 38.1 (<38.163) |
2016 | 11.7 | 1.15 | 2.84 | 1.92 | 8.86 | 1.67 | 11.548 | 39.8 (>39.688) |
2017 | 12.1 | 1.2 | 2.96 | 1.96 | 9.19 | 1.728 | 12.517 | 41.6 (<41.655) |
2018 | 12.4 | 1.25 | 3.06 | 2.01 | 9.425 | 1.784 | 13.435 | 43.364 |
2019 | ≈12.7 |
Note: Years before 1990 are just my own estimates. The average annual increases for each denomination are as follows: 200 million more per year for $1 bills, 1.03 times for $5 bills, 1.02 times for $10 bills, 1.04 times for $20 bills, 1.04 to 1.05 times for $50 bills, and 1.09 to 1.1 times for $100 bills.